Historical — last pipeline update was over 24h ago

Using historical seasonal trends because the latest pipeline run is older than 24 hours.

Singapore

Singapore · Tier 3

588 days · 2024–2026 · 5 sensors

Moderate confidence

Seasonal historical data — not for today's readings. For current air quality: IQAir ↗ · Methodology →

Quick decision snapshot

Lower-risk month window

December

Worst month

July (23.6 µg/m³)

Safer walk window (typical day)

All day · 24h

Check seasonal calendar Check hourly clock

Health impact

Annual median PM2.5

16.0µg/m³Moderate

WHO 2021 guideline: 5 µg/m³ annual mean

WHO 2019 modelled estimate

13.3 µg/m³annual mean · 2019

Independent modelled estimate for reference. Our data uses station sensors which may cover different years and locations. Methodology →

Days by air quality band

45%

35%

20%

Cigarette equivalence

0.73cigs / day

Breathing this air year-round is estimated equivalent to smoking 0.7 cigarettes daily.

Berkeley Earth conversion: 22.0 µg/m³ PM2.5 ≈ 1 cigarette/day. This compares population-level mortality risk, not individual clinical outcomes. Acute vs chronic exposure differs significantly.

Estimated life years at risk

1.2years

Smoking (1 cigarette/day)1.0 yr

Heavy alcohol use1.3 yr

Traffic accidents (avg)0.3 yr

Singapore's air1.2 yr

AQLI methodology: each 10 µg/m³ PM2.5 above WHO baseline (5.0 µg/m³) ≈ 0.98 years of life expectancy lost. Calculated from annual mean PM2.5 (long-term exposure), not annual median.

Seasonal range

Best month (lowest PM2.5)

December11.0 µg/m³Good

Worst month (highest PM2.5)

July23.6 µg/m³Moderate

Lower-risk month window

Decemberlowest median + lowest variance

Lung clock

Historical — last pipeline update was over 24h ago

Using historical seasonal trends because the latest pipeline run is older than 24 hours.

24-hour pattern from the most recent 7 days of hourly data. Dimmed arcs are unsafe for the selected activity.

This is a short-term trend view (not live minute-by-minute monitoring).

Breathing calendar

Every day of the year, colored by PM2.5 air quality band.

Exposure calculator

The baseline view is No mask. You can switch to Surgical, KN95, or N95 to see a planning range for mask-adjusted exposure. Smoking-aware mode is optional and off by default.

Seasonal risk events

Transboundary haze episodeshigh

Sumatra and Kalimantan peat/forest fires carried by southwest monsoon winds to Singapore

Affects: Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct

Northeast monsoonlow

Northeast monsoon brings cleaner oceanic air

Affects: Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb

Inter-monsoon periodmedium

Light variable winds can concentrate localised emissions

Affects: Mar, Apr, May

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Health impact

Annual median PM2.5

16.0µg/m³Moderate

WHO 2021 guideline: 5 µg/m³ annual mean

WHO 2019 modelled estimate

13.3 µg/m³annual mean · 2019

Independent modelled estimate for reference. Our data uses station sensors which may cover different years and locations. Methodology →

Days by air quality band

45%

35%

20%

Cigarette equivalence

0.73cigs / day

Breathing this air year-round is estimated equivalent to smoking 0.7 cigarettes daily.

Berkeley Earth conversion: 22.0 µg/m³ PM2.5 ≈ 1 cigarette/day. This compares population-level mortality risk, not individual clinical outcomes. Acute vs chronic exposure differs significantly.

Estimated life years at risk

1.2years

Smoking (1 cigarette/day)1.0 yr

Heavy alcohol use1.3 yr

Traffic accidents (avg)0.3 yr

Singapore's air1.2 yr

AQLI methodology: each 10 µg/m³ PM2.5 above WHO baseline (5.0 µg/m³) ≈ 0.98 years of life expectancy lost. Calculated from annual mean PM2.5 (long-term exposure), not annual median.

Seasonal range

Best month (lowest PM2.5)

December11.0 µg/m³Good

Worst month (highest PM2.5)

July23.6 µg/m³Moderate

Lower-risk month window

Decemberlowest median + lowest variance

Breathing calendar

Every day of the year, colored by PM2.5 air quality band.

Tip: tap a day cell to pin details, tap outside to close.

Good · 0–15 µg/m³

Moderate · 15–25 µg/m³

Sensitive · 25–50 µg/m³

Unhealthy · 50–100 µg/m³

Hazardous · 100+ µg/m³

No data µg/m³

All-years view shows the median across available years per calendar day. Individual year views show actual measured values. Methodology →

Exposure calculator

The baseline view is No mask. You can switch to Surgical, KN95, or N95 to see a planning range for mask-adjusted exposure. Smoking-aware mode is optional and off by default.

Exposure scenario (optional)

Smoking-aware mode is optional. Turn it on only if you want combined smoking + air burden estimates.

Daily air-added cigarette equivalence (annual average)

0.00cigs / day

Berkeley Earth conversion: 22 µg/m³ PM2.5 ≈ 1 cigarette/day. Statistical communication tool — not a clinical diagnosis.

Exposure duration calculator

Start date

End date

12.8air-added cigarette equivalentsover 15 days

Planning estimate from monthly median PM2.5 values. Air-equivalent burden is additive and does not replace smoking burden.

May

2.5 cigs · 3d

Jun

10.3 cigs · 12d

Based on monthly median PM2.5 values. Actual exposure varies by fit, wear time, location, activity, and daily conditions. Methodology →

Seasonal risk events

Transboundary haze episodeshigh

Sumatra and Kalimantan peat/forest fires carried by southwest monsoon winds to Singapore

Affects: Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct

Northeast monsoonlow

Northeast monsoon brings cleaner oceanic air

Affects: Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb

Inter-monsoon periodmedium

Light variable winds can concentrate localised emissions

Affects: Mar, Apr, May